Best Online Casino Affiliate Programs
Casino affiliate programs are what we would call a win-win situation. The Affiliate provides a link to the business he's working with: they get a new customer and the affiliate gets paid for providing them with that customer. Kind of simple, isn't it? How Do Casino Affiliate Programs Work? Affiliate software/network: CJ Affiliate; Astro Gaming. Astro Gaming sells gaming headsets, controllers, and accessories for PS4, Xbox, PCs, and Macs. Learn about the Astro Gaming affiliate program. CPA: Pay per sale; Commission rate: 5%; Cookie duration: 30 days; Payout threshold: $10; Payment options: Bank account and PayPal; Affiliate. Each casino affiliate program is different, but they more or less work in the same way as mentioned above. The commission is earned based on the net revenue that referred players have generated at the said casino. Some affiliate brands will have just one casino under their umbrella. However, some affiliate brands will represent multiple casinos.
Casino affiliate programs are often misunderstood. The online gambling niche can bring in huge commissions if properly mined, but you need to know the rules. We'll share with you the most trustworthy and lucrative online casinos and betting sites on the internet.
Featured Casino Affiliate Program
Casino Affiliate Program allow you to cash in on the popularity of online gambling with little or no investment and benefit from enormous payouts. These casino affiliate programs offer great commission, tracking systems, marketing tools, player bonus incentives along with helpful support.
- Revenue Sharing
- Cost Per Account (CPA)
- Hybrid Commission Plans
Affiliate Program Sign Up Page: Click Here
Affiliate Website: Here
Affiliate Description:
WebPartnersis a fully integrated, performance-based affiliate marketing program with a team of professionals that can help monetize affiliates' traffic to accumulate real cash. Affiliates are offered the opportunity to earn commissions from six different top-notch brands; they are provided with all the necessary marketing tools to excel and succeed in this thriving industry. WebPartners offers four well-recognized and trusted sports betting brands: MyBookie.ag, XBet.ag, BUSR.ag and two exciting standalone Casino (only) brands: MYBCasino.ag and BigSpinCasino.com.
Affiliates are given access to all brands they subscribe to or opt-in to. You do not need to promote all 5 brands. Many affiliates start with one brand, one niche and build upon their traffic. It is a single wallet affiliate account meaning that if you wish to add one of their other brands you can. Simply ask your designated account manager to do so.
Their Sportsbooks cover the widest selection of betting lines on all major sport leagues and sporting events worldwide. They support in-game betting, live dealer casino and the best loyalty program in the industry. WebPartners makes it easy to convert prospective leads into real-money players when promoting these brands.
The Casino software platforms include suppliers; BLR Tech, Arrow's EDGE, DGS, Betsoft, Proprietary, ViG, and Concept Gaming. There is no activity quota; a chance for unlimited earnings; earnings per brand are not bundled; a 15-day cookie-tracking duration; cookie tracking logic is last cookie receives credit; the affiliate statistics software used is ‘MyAffiliates'; which is a highly regarded Affiliate platform a staple in iGaming industry and statistics are updated on a daily basis.
WebPartners has unique, effective marketing materials and promotions made readily available to all affiliates. They can also offer custom promotions and promocodes for performing Affiliates to earn even more revenue from. The range of Affiliate plans covers all three commission structures: Cost per Account (CPA), Revenue Share and or the Hybrid deals.
The most popular commission option, Four-tiered Revenue Share, offers affiliates revenue share earnings starting at 25% and rising to 35%. New affiliates will receive a 50% revenue share rate on their first month. In addition to that, WebPartners offers affiliates up to 35% from total losses from other clients they refer to the brand. For those affiliates who prefer a ‘best of both worlds' commission structure Webpartners has a Hybrid plan, which is a combination of both CPA + RS plans whereby each component usually pays a smaller portion of each plan compared to their original standard offers. Their CPA plans are granted on an individual basis upon request. Payments are made promptly each month via bank wire, ACH transfer, check, player account or crypto options like bitcoin.
Do yourself a favor and check them out for yourself, you will be wealthier if you did:https://webpartners.co/
2) Game Revenue
Affiliate Commissions: Four levels of commissions from 20-60%.
Affiliate Signup Link: Click Here
Affiliate Website: Here
Affiliate Description:
Game Revenue pays high commissions in the gaming space of up to 60%. Their brands include Argo Casino & Sport, Zig Zag 777 & Sport and Ivi Casino. Game Revenue provides life-time cooking which means life-long revenue commissions for each player you bring to thier casino.
3) United Affiliates Network
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer.
Affiliate Signup Link: Click Here
New eligible UK players only. Select Casino offer on sign-up and deposit. 4 deposits of £10, £20, £50, £100 matched with a bonus cash offer of same value (14 day expiry). 35x real money cash wagering (within 30 days) on eligible games before bonus cash is credited.
Affiliate Website: Here
Affiliate Description:
United Affiliates Network is focused solely on Finance and Gambling industries. The network works solely with traffic providers that generate traffic through Google ads and seo, Facebook and Email campaigns.
We provide an end-to-end solution for affiliates and advertisers. Affiliates receive all the tools needed to run and generate traffic for the financial industry, we can even assist them with the 'know-how' and the ABC steps needed to run traffic from Google, Facebook and emails.
From the other side, advertisers will get a super high quality traffic, generated by Google Ads and Facebook ads campaigns, SEO and Email marketing.
4) Tipbet
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Tipbet Ltd. is a young and ambitious company with headquarters in Malta. Since the establishment, we dedicate ourselves to the provision of sports betting. Every day, we feed thousands of national and international sports events with our betting offer. To guarantee the contentment of partners and clients, our proven software and hardware solutions are always up to date.
Sports and Live Betting is not only our core business, but also our passion. We support thousands of small and large sporting events around the world with our top odds. Up to the last minute of a live event, you can place a bet within seconds. This performance can be done through our unique and licensed sportsbook software.
5) Poker Strategy (A Poker School)
Affiliate Commissions: Earn up to $500 per referral. 2nd Tier pays you 10%.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
More than 6,000,000 members – including some of the world's most successful poker players – make PokerStrategy.com truly the world's largest poker school.
No matter what poker format you play or how long you have played for, at PokerStrategy.com you will find poker strategy articles, videos, coaching sessions and discussions that are suitable for your skill level.
6) Mr. Green
Affiliate Commissions: Mr. Affiliate (aka Mr. Green) offers you 25% – 45% depending on the amount of new depositing players you refer to Mr Green each month.
Net revenue share will vary from time to time depending on how many new customers referred by the Affiliate Sites during each separate calendar month. Net revenue is the gross revenue generated from a new customers bets and losses less a fixed fee of 28%.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Website: Here
Affiliate Description:
At the heart of Mr Green lies the Casino experience, built on the foundations of entertainment, fun, excitement and fairness. Originally launched to the Swedish market back in 2008, Mr Green has spread his umbrella and is now a major online Casino operator. The site www.mrgreen.com is owned, and run by the Malta based company Mr Green Ltd.
7) Europartners
Affiliate Commissions: 25% to 40% profit sharing plus a second tier for your referrals.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
As one of the most established e-gaming affiliate programs in the industry, with 70,000 affiliates in a dozen international markets, Euro Partners is a smart choice for helping you successfully navigate through the increasingly complex online gaming sector. Speak with one of our account managers today and find out how to leverage our experience to boost your earning potential.
8) FortuneAffiliates
Affiliate Commissions: When you sign up as an affiliate they place you on an opening rev share offer for the first 3 months of 30%, 40% and 50%. In month 4 you move to default revenue share which is based on number of players acquired, please see tiers below:
Number of *qualifying players: | Rev Share % |
1 to 9 players | 25% |
10 to 39 players | 30% |
40 to 99 players | 35% |
100+ players | 40% |
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Fortune Affiliates is an online casino, casual games, poker and bingo affiliate programme that provides world-class brands for our partners to promote.
In a world and an industry where trust, reliability, and true partnerships are difficult to come by, Fortune Affiliates has proved over the last decade to be a credible and established operator. Fortune Affiliates has continued to innovate, and remains a cutting-edge programme that delivers an incredible platform for huge earning potential.
9) mr.Playpartners
Affiliate Commissions: 50% revenue share and 2.5% of your sub-affiliates net gaming revenue every time they acquire new players.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
mr.playpartners is one of the fastest growing affiliate programmes bringing partners new means of revenue and unyielding support. We are the dedicated group that makes working in the iGaming world fun, lucrative and rewarding.
mr.playpartners consists of teams of dedicated, experienced and highly motivated individuals. Regent Casino and mr.play Casino are our two brands that have the iGaming community buzzing. We love to play and encourage your to join. It's Time To Play.
10) Game Revenue
Affiliate Commissions: Earn up to 60% commissions.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Game Revenue has several gambling brands for you to choose from including:
BRAND NEW CASINO! Join Kassu Casino And Claim 300 Free Spins & 100% Bonus Up to $/€300 On 1st Deposit! Claim a huge new bonus at the fantastic new casino. Get your 300 Free Spins and a 100% Bonus when you make your first deposit. Plus there's more bonuses on your 2nd, 3rd & 4th deposits making a total bonus reward of up to €/$1,500! Casino 300 free spins. Play 300 Free Spins at UpTown Aces Casino, Get UpTown Aces Casino Free Spins code, Use Free Spins code: 300MONDAY - Posted on 2020-11-23 #283145. Funclub Casino Offers ⭐ $300 Free Chip ⭐ and 350% First Deposit Bonus. Play Now from our 200+ online casino games. No Rules Bonus Available Sign Up Now. About 300 Free Spins No Deposit Bonuses Up to 300 free spins await players in reliable online casinos. Competition in the online casino market is becoming more and more intense. At the same time, methods of winning new users are expanding, too. In order to grow their customer base, many companies offer their users something special. Play Bitcoin casino games online at mBitcasino. Join now for our exclusive deposit bonus. 5 BTC +300 Free Spins. From well-known game providers.
- Argo Casino & Sport
- Zig Zag 777
- Zig Zag & Sport
- V Casino
11) BetWinnerAffiliates
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Our affiliate program is built on decades of experience in the global betting industry. Whether you're a new or seasoned affiliate, our team is ideally positioned to guide you through the pros and cons of the marketplace.
12) Gambling.Pro
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer. Both CPA & Revshare options.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Gambling.pro is an affiliate network with experienced publishers and specialists. We work with more than 30K webmasters and 500 advertisers and provide more than 1000 offers worldwide!
What are the advantages of working with Gambling.pro? We offer you ready made approaches for different GEOs with ROI 100+%, free apps to iOS/Android for generating traffic, top rates, a free Telegram bot for sharing mobile apps and Facebook accounts 24/7 and great support. Moreover, we have a very wide knowledge base with more than 80 cases and manuals.
Do you want to work with professionals? Join us.
13) The Affiliate Monkey
Casino Affiliate Networks
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer.
Affiliate Website: Here
Blackjack, or twenty-one as it is frequently called, is a popular gambling game played in Las Vegas casinos. A player is dealt two cards. Face cards (jacks, queens, and kings) and tens have a point value of 10. Aces have a point value of 1 or 11. A 52-card deck contains 16 cards with a point value of 10 (jacks, queens, kings, and tens) and four. Blackjack or twenty-one as it is frequently called is a popular. Blackjack, or twenty-one as it is frequently called, is a popular gambling game played in Las Vegas casinos. A player is dealt two cards. Face cards (jacks, queens, and kings) and tens have a point value of 10. Aces have a point value of 1 or 11.
Affiliate Description:
The Affiliate Monkey is an affiliate comparison and research website where users can easily filter through hundreds of the worlds best known and highest paying affiliate programs.
Do you have an online casino affiliate program that isn't listed here? Contact me and let's talk about getting your program included so I can start sending you some highly targeted traffic. Thanks – Bill
More online casino affiliate programs coming soon…
Photo Credit:conorwithonen via Compfightcc
Casino Affiliate Networks Website
The operator of this website is a 3rd party marketer with a material connection to product/service providers appearing on this site in that we are compensated for sales made through our affiliate links.
If you have any questions please contact me (Bill) at beachroulette @ gmail.com
Make sure to visit casinoguardian.com.uk which is your number one source of casino-related information on the Internet.
The truth is that in affiliate marketing it takes the same amount of time & energy to promote a product or service that pays you $500.00 than it does to promote a product that only pays you $29.00. Doesn't it make sense to get paid more money for doing the same amount of work? Let me teach you how to sell high ticket products and services for high paying commissions.
If you're brand new to affiliate marketing go to my 7 Day Fast Start Affiliate GuideIt's free. Don't be intimidated by getting started.
I'll walk you through every step.
Disclosure: The operator of this website is a 3rd party marketer with a material connection to product/service providers appearing on this site in that we are compensated for sales made through our affiliate links.If you have any questions please contact me (Bill) at beachroulette @ gmail.com.
Table of Contents
- 13 Best Casino Affiliate Programs
- Featured Casino Affiliate Program
Affiliate marketing is one of the ways to promote your online casino and attract new potential gamblers. In order to develop a successful promotion strategy, it is important to join a credible affiliate program popular in the gambling industry. Here is a list of the most convenient programs and networks for your online casino.
1. Gambling Affiliation
Affiliate Website: Here
Affiliate Description:
United Affiliates Network is focused solely on Finance and Gambling industries. The network works solely with traffic providers that generate traffic through Google ads and seo, Facebook and Email campaigns.
We provide an end-to-end solution for affiliates and advertisers. Affiliates receive all the tools needed to run and generate traffic for the financial industry, we can even assist them with the 'know-how' and the ABC steps needed to run traffic from Google, Facebook and emails.
From the other side, advertisers will get a super high quality traffic, generated by Google Ads and Facebook ads campaigns, SEO and Email marketing.
4) Tipbet
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Tipbet Ltd. is a young and ambitious company with headquarters in Malta. Since the establishment, we dedicate ourselves to the provision of sports betting. Every day, we feed thousands of national and international sports events with our betting offer. To guarantee the contentment of partners and clients, our proven software and hardware solutions are always up to date.
Sports and Live Betting is not only our core business, but also our passion. We support thousands of small and large sporting events around the world with our top odds. Up to the last minute of a live event, you can place a bet within seconds. This performance can be done through our unique and licensed sportsbook software.
5) Poker Strategy (A Poker School)
Affiliate Commissions: Earn up to $500 per referral. 2nd Tier pays you 10%.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
More than 6,000,000 members – including some of the world's most successful poker players – make PokerStrategy.com truly the world's largest poker school.
No matter what poker format you play or how long you have played for, at PokerStrategy.com you will find poker strategy articles, videos, coaching sessions and discussions that are suitable for your skill level.
6) Mr. Green
Affiliate Commissions: Mr. Affiliate (aka Mr. Green) offers you 25% – 45% depending on the amount of new depositing players you refer to Mr Green each month.
Net revenue share will vary from time to time depending on how many new customers referred by the Affiliate Sites during each separate calendar month. Net revenue is the gross revenue generated from a new customers bets and losses less a fixed fee of 28%.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Website: Here
Affiliate Description:
At the heart of Mr Green lies the Casino experience, built on the foundations of entertainment, fun, excitement and fairness. Originally launched to the Swedish market back in 2008, Mr Green has spread his umbrella and is now a major online Casino operator. The site www.mrgreen.com is owned, and run by the Malta based company Mr Green Ltd.
7) Europartners
Affiliate Commissions: 25% to 40% profit sharing plus a second tier for your referrals.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
As one of the most established e-gaming affiliate programs in the industry, with 70,000 affiliates in a dozen international markets, Euro Partners is a smart choice for helping you successfully navigate through the increasingly complex online gaming sector. Speak with one of our account managers today and find out how to leverage our experience to boost your earning potential.
8) FortuneAffiliates
Affiliate Commissions: When you sign up as an affiliate they place you on an opening rev share offer for the first 3 months of 30%, 40% and 50%. In month 4 you move to default revenue share which is based on number of players acquired, please see tiers below:
Number of *qualifying players: | Rev Share % |
1 to 9 players | 25% |
10 to 39 players | 30% |
40 to 99 players | 35% |
100+ players | 40% |
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Fortune Affiliates is an online casino, casual games, poker and bingo affiliate programme that provides world-class brands for our partners to promote.
In a world and an industry where trust, reliability, and true partnerships are difficult to come by, Fortune Affiliates has proved over the last decade to be a credible and established operator. Fortune Affiliates has continued to innovate, and remains a cutting-edge programme that delivers an incredible platform for huge earning potential.
9) mr.Playpartners
Affiliate Commissions: 50% revenue share and 2.5% of your sub-affiliates net gaming revenue every time they acquire new players.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
mr.playpartners is one of the fastest growing affiliate programmes bringing partners new means of revenue and unyielding support. We are the dedicated group that makes working in the iGaming world fun, lucrative and rewarding.
mr.playpartners consists of teams of dedicated, experienced and highly motivated individuals. Regent Casino and mr.play Casino are our two brands that have the iGaming community buzzing. We love to play and encourage your to join. It's Time To Play.
10) Game Revenue
Affiliate Commissions: Earn up to 60% commissions.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Game Revenue has several gambling brands for you to choose from including:
BRAND NEW CASINO! Join Kassu Casino And Claim 300 Free Spins & 100% Bonus Up to $/€300 On 1st Deposit! Claim a huge new bonus at the fantastic new casino. Get your 300 Free Spins and a 100% Bonus when you make your first deposit. Plus there's more bonuses on your 2nd, 3rd & 4th deposits making a total bonus reward of up to €/$1,500! Casino 300 free spins. Play 300 Free Spins at UpTown Aces Casino, Get UpTown Aces Casino Free Spins code, Use Free Spins code: 300MONDAY - Posted on 2020-11-23 #283145. Funclub Casino Offers ⭐ $300 Free Chip ⭐ and 350% First Deposit Bonus. Play Now from our 200+ online casino games. No Rules Bonus Available Sign Up Now. About 300 Free Spins No Deposit Bonuses Up to 300 free spins await players in reliable online casinos. Competition in the online casino market is becoming more and more intense. At the same time, methods of winning new users are expanding, too. In order to grow their customer base, many companies offer their users something special. Play Bitcoin casino games online at mBitcasino. Join now for our exclusive deposit bonus. 5 BTC +300 Free Spins. From well-known game providers.
- Argo Casino & Sport
- Zig Zag 777
- Zig Zag & Sport
- V Casino
11) BetWinnerAffiliates
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Our affiliate program is built on decades of experience in the global betting industry. Whether you're a new or seasoned affiliate, our team is ideally positioned to guide you through the pros and cons of the marketplace.
12) Gambling.Pro
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer. Both CPA & Revshare options.
Affiliate Signup Link:Click Here
Affiliate Description:
Gambling.pro is an affiliate network with experienced publishers and specialists. We work with more than 30K webmasters and 500 advertisers and provide more than 1000 offers worldwide!
What are the advantages of working with Gambling.pro? We offer you ready made approaches for different GEOs with ROI 100+%, free apps to iOS/Android for generating traffic, top rates, a free Telegram bot for sharing mobile apps and Facebook accounts 24/7 and great support. Moreover, we have a very wide knowledge base with more than 80 cases and manuals.
Do you want to work with professionals? Join us.
13) The Affiliate Monkey
Casino Affiliate Networks
Affiliate Commissions: Varies by offer.
Affiliate Website: Here
Blackjack, or twenty-one as it is frequently called, is a popular gambling game played in Las Vegas casinos. A player is dealt two cards. Face cards (jacks, queens, and kings) and tens have a point value of 10. Aces have a point value of 1 or 11. A 52-card deck contains 16 cards with a point value of 10 (jacks, queens, kings, and tens) and four. Blackjack or twenty-one as it is frequently called is a popular. Blackjack, or twenty-one as it is frequently called, is a popular gambling game played in Las Vegas casinos. A player is dealt two cards. Face cards (jacks, queens, and kings) and tens have a point value of 10. Aces have a point value of 1 or 11.
Affiliate Description:
The Affiliate Monkey is an affiliate comparison and research website where users can easily filter through hundreds of the worlds best known and highest paying affiliate programs.
Do you have an online casino affiliate program that isn't listed here? Contact me and let's talk about getting your program included so I can start sending you some highly targeted traffic. Thanks – Bill
More online casino affiliate programs coming soon…
Photo Credit:conorwithonen via Compfightcc
Casino Affiliate Networks Website
The operator of this website is a 3rd party marketer with a material connection to product/service providers appearing on this site in that we are compensated for sales made through our affiliate links.
If you have any questions please contact me (Bill) at beachroulette @ gmail.com
Make sure to visit casinoguardian.com.uk which is your number one source of casino-related information on the Internet.
The truth is that in affiliate marketing it takes the same amount of time & energy to promote a product or service that pays you $500.00 than it does to promote a product that only pays you $29.00. Doesn't it make sense to get paid more money for doing the same amount of work? Let me teach you how to sell high ticket products and services for high paying commissions.
If you're brand new to affiliate marketing go to my 7 Day Fast Start Affiliate GuideIt's free. Don't be intimidated by getting started.
I'll walk you through every step.
Disclosure: The operator of this website is a 3rd party marketer with a material connection to product/service providers appearing on this site in that we are compensated for sales made through our affiliate links.If you have any questions please contact me (Bill) at beachroulette @ gmail.com.
Table of Contents
- 13 Best Casino Affiliate Programs
- Featured Casino Affiliate Program
Affiliate marketing is one of the ways to promote your online casino and attract new potential gamblers. In order to develop a successful promotion strategy, it is important to join a credible affiliate program popular in the gambling industry. Here is a list of the most convenient programs and networks for your online casino.
1. Gambling Affiliation
It is an affiliate network which includes around 75 affiliate programs focused on casino advertising. It has been working on the market for 13 years, and currently has over 35.000 affiliates ready to promote gaming brands.
One of the main advantages of this network is that affiliates are only dedicated to the iGaming industry. According to the company, webmasters help gaming operators to attract thousands of active players every month.
Main markets are Europe, the UK, and Russia.
2. Income Access
Income Access is considered to be one of the best affiliate networks in the online gambling industry. It has achieved significant success within five years of operation, and currently, the program includes more over 25.000 affiliates. Around 22.000 from registered webmasters focus on promoting online casino operators.
This affiliate program provides high-quality tracking and reporting technology, as well as easy-to-use management service.
Do not miss:How Can Affiliates Promote Online Casinos?
3. Actionpay
It is the affiliate network which includes various affiliate programs focusing on several industries, including online casinos. It provides over 210.000 traffic sources and is present globally in different countries. The company is strictly CPA, meaning that affiliates get profits only if attracted gamblers actually start playing in your casino.
CPA model of this affiliate network has an important advantage because as an advertiser, your casino would pay only for real customers, who are likely to stay with you in the future.
Apart from that, Actionpay provides operators with industry-dedicated managers who control the campaign strategy and analyze its effectiveness.
Other ways to find affiliates
Affiliate programs are just one way to find webmasters ready to promote your online casino.
1. Events
It is beneficial for you as for a gambling platform operator to visit conferences and events focused on the gaming sphere and affiliate marketing industry. Both beginning and experienced affiliates pay attention to iGaming offers, as it is one of the most popular industries in affiliate marketing, so many of them could be interested in new casinos to advertise.
2. Social networks
Social networks are platforms where operators can find new webmasters ready to advertise their platforms. For instance, one of the most effective ways to meet affiliates is to communicate with users subscribed to industry-dedicated pages and to contact bloggers writing about the gambling sphere. Such cooperation would be profitable for both parties, as a blogger would attract more subscribers, while you as an operator would increase your brand recognition and promote your casino to potential players.
It is important to choose an affiliate program with webmasters who are ready to promote your platform to a target audience, have an advanced kit of marketing tools and know the players' psychology.